{"id":19379,"date":"2026-07-20T07:48:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T07:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/?p=19379"},"modified":"2026-07-20T07:48:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T07:48:14","slug":"spain-companies-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Spanish Companies Act (Ley de Sociedades de Capital)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Spain_Companies_Act_What_Spanish_Company_Law_Regulates\" >Spain Companies Act: What Spanish Company Law Regulates<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#What_Is_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\" >What Is the Spanish Companies Act?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Has_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Changed\" >Has the Spanish Companies Act Changed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Which_Companies_Does_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Cover\" >Which Companies Does the Spanish Companies Act Cover?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Sociedad_de_Responsabilidad_Limitada_SL\" >Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S.L.)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Sociedad_Anonima_SA\" >Sociedad An\u00f3nima (S.A.)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Sociedad_Comanditaria_por_Acciones\" >Sociedad Comanditaria por Acciones<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#What_Does_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Regulate\" >What Does the Spanish Companies Act Regulate?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Company_Formation_and_Legal_Personality\" >Company Formation and Legal Personality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Company_Name_Registered_Office_and_Corporate_Purpose\" >Company Name, Registered Office and Corporate Purpose<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Share_Capital_Under_Spanish_Company_Law\" >Share Capital Under Spanish Company Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Shareholders_Shares_and_Ownership_Transfers\" >Shareholders, Shares and Ownership Transfers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#General_Meetings_and_Corporate_Resolutions\" >General Meetings and Corporate Resolutions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Directors_Powers_Duties_and_Liability\" >Directors&#8217; Powers, Duties and Liability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Annual_Accounts_Dissolution_and_Liquidation\" >Annual Accounts, Dissolution and Liquidation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Spanish_Company_Law_Beyond_the_Capital_Companies_Act\" >Spanish Company Law Beyond the Capital Companies Act<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#The_Spanish_Commercial_Code\" >The Spanish Commercial Code<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Mercantile_Registry_Rules_and_the_BORME\" >Mercantile Registry Rules and the BORME<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Structural_Changes_Insolvency_and_Sector_Rules\" >Structural Changes, Insolvency and Sector Rules<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#How_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Affects_Foreign_Investors\" >How the Spanish Companies Act Affects Foreign Investors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#NIE_NIF_and_Foreign_Corporate_Documents\" >NIE, NIF and Foreign Corporate Documents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Remote_Incorporation_Under_Spanish_Company_Law\" >Remote Incorporation Under Spanish Company Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Bylaws_and_Shareholders_Agreements\" >Bylaws and Shareholders&#8217; Agreements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Foreign_Parent_Companies_and_Spanish_Subsidiaries\" >Foreign Parent Companies and Spanish Subsidiaries<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Corporate_Governance_Under_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\" >Corporate Governance Under the Spanish Companies Act<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#The_General_Shareholders_Meeting\" >The General Shareholders&#8217; Meeting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Management_Models_and_Company_Representation\" >Management Models and Company Representation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Directors_Duties_and_Personal_Exposure\" >Directors&#8217; Duties and Personal Exposure<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Annual_Obligations_Under_Spanish_Company_Law\" >Annual Obligations Under Spanish Company Law<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Accounting_and_Corporate_Books\" >Accounting and Corporate Books<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Annual_Accounts_and_Registry_Filing\" >Annual Accounts and Registry Filing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Which_Company_Decisions_Require_Shareholder_Approval\" >Which Company Decisions Require Shareholder Approval?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Is_There_a_Companies_House_Equivalent_in_Spain\" >Is There a Companies House Equivalent in Spain?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Provincial_Mercantile_Registry\" >Provincial Mercantile Registry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Central_Mercantile_Registry_and_BORME\" >Central Mercantile Registry and BORME<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Common_Spanish_Company_Law_Mistakes_Made_by_Foreign_Businesses\" >Common Spanish Company Law Mistakes Made by Foreign Businesses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#How_Lawants_Applies_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\" >How Lawants Applies the Spanish Companies Act<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_About_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\" >Frequently Asked Questions About the Spanish Companies Act<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Who_does_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_apply_to\" >Who does the Spanish Companies Act apply to?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#What_is_the_correct_legal_reference_for_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\" >What is the correct legal reference for the Spanish Companies Act?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#What_types_of_companies_are_covered_by_the_Capital_Companies_Act\" >What types of companies are covered by the Capital Companies Act?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#What_is_the_minimum_capital_for_an_SL_in_Spain\" >What is the minimum capital for an S.L. in Spain?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Is_there_a_Spanish_equivalent_to_Companies_House\" >Is there a Spanish equivalent to Companies House?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#Can_a_foreigner_own_or_manage_a_Spanish_company\" >Can a foreigner own or manage a Spanish company?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/#How_can_I_file_a_complaint_against_a_company_in_Spain\" >How can I file a complaint against a company in Spain?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3.jpg 870w, https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3-768x402.jpg 768w\" decoding=\"async\"   data-src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Cover image blog article &quot;Spanish Companies Act (Ley de Sociedades de Capital)&quot; - Lawants\" class=\"wp-image-26472 lazyload\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3.jpg\" alt=\"Cover image blog article &quot;Spanish Companies Act (Ley de Sociedades de Capital)&quot; - Lawants\" class=\"wp-image-26472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3.jpg 870w, https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act-3-768x402.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spain_Companies_Act_What_Spanish_Company_Law_Regulates\"><\/span>Spain Companies Act: What Spanish Company Law Regulates<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-hero,.lw-lsc-hero *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-hero{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#7a2535 0%,#8B4444 100%);overflow:hidden;padding:36px 38px;margin:0 0 38px}\n.lw-lsc-hero-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:26px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px}\n.lw-lsc-hero-top img{height:24px;width:auto;opacity:.95}\n.lw-lsc-hero-pill{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.5px;font-weight:600;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22);border-radius:4px;padding:5px 14px;white-space:nowrap}\n.lw-lsc-hero-divider{height:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-bottom:26px}\n.lw-lsc-hero-divider-bottom{height:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.14);margin:0 0 22px}\n.lw-lsc-hero h4{color:rgba(255,255,255,.94)!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:rgba(255,255,255,.94)!important;font-size:17px;line-height:1.78;margin:0 0 24px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-hero h4 strong{color:#fff!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff!important;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-hero-footer{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.lw-lsc-hero-footer p{color:rgba(255,255,255,.82)!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:rgba(255,255,255,.82)!important;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.72;margin:0;max-width:680px}\n.lw-lsc-hero-footer p strong{color:#fff!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff!important}\n.lw-lsc-hero-cta{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);color:#7a2535!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#7a2535!important;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;padding:11px 22px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none!important;letter-spacing:.15px;flex-shrink:0;white-space:nowrap}\n@media(max-width:640px){.lw-lsc-hero{padding:26px 22px;margin:0 0 28px}.lw-lsc-hero-top{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px}.lw-lsc-hero-pill{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1.2px;padding:4px 11px}.lw-lsc-hero h4{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.72;margin-bottom:20px}.lw-lsc-hero-footer{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px}.lw-lsc-hero-cta{width:100%;text-align:center;padding:13px 20px;font-size:13px}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-hero lw-cta-container\" data-cta-type=\"iniziale\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-hero-top\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/logo-lawants.png\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Lawants Lawyers and Accountants\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/logo-lawants.png\" alt=\"Lawants Lawyers and Accountants\"><\/noscript>\n    <span class=\"lw-lsc-hero-pill\">Lawants Guide \u00b7 Spanish Company Law<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-hero-divider\"><\/div>\n  <h4><strong>The Spanish Companies Act is not only an incorporation law.<\/strong> It determines how an S.L. or S.A. is owned, governed, financed, managed and eventually dissolved.<br><br>In this guide, Lawants explains the scope of the <em>Ley de Sociedades de Capital<\/em>, the rules that matter in practice and the additional legislation a foreign investor must consider. With over 20 years dedicated exclusively to foreign businesses in Spain, Lawants connects the legal text to the decisions companies actually need to make.<\/h4>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-hero-divider-bottom\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-hero-footer\">\n    <p><strong>Lawants<\/strong> integrates Spanish corporate, tax and compliance advice through one point of contact in Barcelona and Madrid.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/contact\/\" class=\"lw-lsc-hero-cta\" data-cta-click=\"iniziale\">Discuss your Spanish company<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\"><\/span>What Is the Spanish Companies Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Spanish Companies Act<\/strong>, commonly called the <strong>Capital Companies Act<\/strong> or <em>Ley de Sociedades de Capital<\/em> (LSC), is the principal statute governing capital companies in Spain. Its correct legal reference is <strong>Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010 of 2 July<\/strong>, which approved a consolidated text that entered into force on 1 September 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The LSC brought the core rules for limited liability companies, public limited companies and partnerships limited by shares into one legislative text. It now regulates their formation, share capital, shareholders, governing bodies, annual accounts, amendments, dissolution and liquidation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a foreign investor, the practical point is simple: <strong>the LSC governs the company after the notarial deed has been signed<\/strong>. It affects who can make a decision, which majority is required, whether a transfer is valid, what directors must do and when shareholders or directors may face liability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The authoritative reference is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2010-10544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consolidated Spanish text published by the Official State Gazette<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mjusticia.gob.es\/es\/AreaTematica\/DocumentacionPublicaciones\/Documents\/Corporate_Enterprises_Act_2015_-_Ley_de_Sociedades_de_Capital.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English translation published by the Ministry of Justice<\/a> can help with orientation, but an older translation must always be checked against the current Spanish text before a corporate decision is taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-cta-one,.lw-lsc-cta-one *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e7e1e1;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:0 0 40px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(20,20,20,.03)}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 100px;gap:24px;align-items:start}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 11px;margin:0 0 16px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-title{color:#1d1d1d;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.38;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-copy{color:#5f5f5f;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 16px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-proof{color:#8a8a8a;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 20px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-proof strong{color:#8B4444}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-action{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#8B4444;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.12);color:#fff!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;padding:11px 20px;border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:.15px;flex-shrink:0;transition:.2s}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-button:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(139,68,68,.18)}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-contact{font-size:11.5px;color:#8a8a8a;line-height:1.5}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-contact strong{color:#8B4444;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-cta-one-photo{width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;border:2px solid #f7f2f2;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ece3e3;filter:grayscale(12%);display:block}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-cta-one{padding:24px 20px!important}.lw-lsc-cta-one-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lw-lsc-cta-one-photo{display:none!important}.lw-lsc-cta-one-action{flex-direction:column!important;align-items:stretch!important;gap:12px!important}.lw-lsc-cta-one-button{width:100%;padding:13px 18px;text-align:center;white-space:normal}.lw-lsc-cta-one-contact{text-align:center}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one lw-cta-container\" data-cta-type=\"mediana\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-grid\">\n    <div>\n      <span class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-pill\">Structure Before Documents<\/span>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-title\">A compliant company can still be the wrong company<\/p>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-copy\">The LSC offers several valid ownership and governance models, but it does not decide which one fits your investment. Lawants assesses the foreign parent, shareholder relationships, director powers, tax position and planned operations before the deed and bylaws are drafted, so compliance supports the project instead of merely completing a registration.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-proof\">Ranked among the <strong>Best Law Firms Spain<\/strong> \u00b7 Offices in Barcelona and Madrid<\/p>\n      <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-action\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/contact\/\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-button\" data-cta-click=\"mediana\">Assess your Spanish company structure<\/a>\n        <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-contact\"><strong>Roberto Bosco<\/strong><br>Managing Director, Lawants<br>Response within 24 business hours<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/roberto-bosco-def-500x500.webp\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-photo lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Roberto Bosco, Managing Director of Lawants\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-one-photo\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/roberto-bosco-def-500x500.webp\" alt=\"Roberto Bosco, Managing Director of Lawants\"><\/noscript>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Has_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Changed\"><\/span>Has the Spanish Companies Act Changed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. The LSC has been amended repeatedly since 2010, so an original or older translated copy is not enough for current advice. The consolidated BOE text currently identifies <strong>3 January 2025 as its latest published update<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One change with immediate practical relevance came from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-15818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 18\/2022 on business creation and growth<\/a>, which reduced the statutory minimum capital for an S.L. from \u20ac3,000 to \u20ac1 and introduced safeguards for companies capitalised below \u20ac3,000. Any analysis of \u201cthe latest Companies Act\u201d should therefore start from the consolidated legislation, not from a dated summary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Companies_Does_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Cover\"><\/span>Which Companies Does the Spanish Companies Act Cover?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 1 of the LSC identifies three capital company forms. The Act therefore does <strong>not apply indiscriminately to every business, partnership or foreign entity operating in Spain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociedad_de_Responsabilidad_Limitada_SL\"><\/span>Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S.L.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/sl-spain\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"18530\">S.L.<\/a> is the standard limited liability company used by foreign founders, SMEs and international groups<\/strong> establishing a Spanish subsidiary. Its capital is divided into <em>participaciones sociales<\/em>, not freely tradable shares. The LSC gives the S.L. a comparatively closed structure and permits restrictions on transfers to protect the composition of the shareholder base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociedad_Anonima_SA\"><\/span>Sociedad An\u00f3nima (S.A.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/sa-spain\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"18691\">S.A.<\/a> is designed for larger capital structures<\/strong>, businesses requiring more transferable shares and companies that may access securities markets. Its minimum capital and governance requirements are more demanding. Listed companies are also subject to additional securities-market and corporate-governance rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociedad_Comanditaria_por_Acciones\"><\/span>Sociedad Comanditaria por Acciones<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The partnership limited by shares is also covered by the LSC. At least one general partner has personal liability for company debts, while the capital is divided into shares. It is legally available but <strong>rarely the first structure considered for an ordinary foreign-market entry<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-scope,.lw-lsc-scope *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-scope{background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #eee5e5;border-left:4px solid #8B4444;padding:20px 22px;border-radius:12px;margin:26px 0}\n.lw-lsc-scope-label{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;margin-bottom:10px}\n.lw-lsc-scope p{margin:0;color:#444;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.8}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-scope\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-scope-label\">Scope of the LSC<\/div>\n  <p>The Spanish Companies Act covers <strong>S.L., S.A. and sociedades comanditarias por acciones<\/strong>. Sole traders, sociedades civiles, sociedades colectivas, simple limited partnerships, branches and foreign parent companies require analysis under other rules as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A branch of a foreign company is especially important to distinguish. The branch is registered in Spain, but it is <strong>not a separate Spanish capital company<\/strong>. Its legal identity remains that of the foreign parent, so its corporate governance is not governed in the same way as an S.L. subsidiary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Does_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Regulate\"><\/span>What Does the Spanish Companies Act Regulate?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The LSC follows the entire legal life of a capital company. It answers both structural questions, such as how capital is divided, and operational questions, such as who may call a shareholders&#8217; meeting or represent the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle,.lw-lsc-lifecycle *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e7e1e1;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:32px 0 40px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(20,20,20,.03)}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 11px;margin:0 0 14px}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-title{color:#1d1d1d;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:1.38;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-scroll{overflow-x:auto;margin:0 -10px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;color:#5f5f5f;min-width:650px}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table thead tr{border-bottom:2px solid #eee5e5}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table tbody tr{border-bottom:1px solid #efe4e4}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table tbody tr:last-child{border-bottom:none}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table th,.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table td{padding:14px 12px;line-height:1.5;text-align:left}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table th{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;color:#8a8a8a;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table th:first-child,.lw-lsc-lifecycle-table td:first-child{width:25%;font-weight:600;color:#1d1d1d;background:#faf6f6}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-lifecycle{padding:22px 18px!important}.lw-lsc-lifecycle-scroll{margin:0}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-lifecycle\">\n  <span class=\"lw-lsc-lifecycle-pill\">Corporate Lifecycle<\/span>\n  <p class=\"lw-lsc-lifecycle-title\">The main areas regulated by the LSC<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-lifecycle-scroll\">\n    <table class=\"lw-lsc-lifecycle-table\">\n      <thead><tr><th>Area<\/th><th>What the Act determines<\/th><th>Why it matters<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td>Formation<\/td><td>Deed, bylaws, contributions and registration<\/td><td>Creates the company&#8217;s legal structure<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Capital<\/td><td>Minimum amounts, increases, reductions and protection of creditors<\/td><td>Defines funding and shareholder rights<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Ownership<\/td><td>Participaciones, shares, transfers and sole-member status<\/td><td>Controls entry, exit and changes of control<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Governance<\/td><td>General meetings, majorities, directors and representation<\/td><td>Determines who can bind the company<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Reporting<\/td><td>Annual accounts, approval, audit and filing<\/td><td>Maintains corporate transparency<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Exit<\/td><td>Structural changes, dissolution, liquidation and extinction<\/td><td>Controls reorganisations and closure<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Company_Formation_and_Legal_Personality\"><\/span>Company Formation and Legal Personality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An S.L. or S.A. is formed through a <strong>public deed of incorporation<\/strong> executed before a Spanish notary and registered with the competent provincial Mercantile Registry. The deed identifies the founders, their contributions, the company form and its initial governing body. It also incorporates the bylaws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Registration is not a clerical afterthought. It gives the entity the legal personality corresponding to the form selected. Transactions entered into before registration require careful handling because the rules for a company in formation and an unregistered company can affect liability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Company_Name_Registered_Office_and_Corporate_Purpose\"><\/span>Company Name, Registered Office and Corporate Purpose<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bylaws must identify the company&#8217;s legal name, corporate purpose, registered office, capital, ownership interests and governance structure. The company name must be cleared through the Central Mercantile Registry and include the appropriate legal designation, such as S.L. or S.A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>registered office must correspond to the company&#8217;s effective centre of administration and management in Spain or its principal Spanish establishment<\/strong>. A nominal address should not be selected without considering tax residence, notifications, banking and operational substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Share_Capital_Under_Spanish_Company_Law\"><\/span>Share Capital Under Spanish Company Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The current minimum capital for an S.L. is <strong>\u20ac1, not \u20ac3,000<\/strong>. However, an S.L. incorporated with less than \u20ac3,000 is subject to creditor-protection rules. At least 20% of annual profit must be allocated to the legal reserve until capital plus that reserve reaches \u20ac3,000. If the company is liquidated without sufficient assets, shareholders can be jointly liable for the difference between \u20ac3,000 and the subscribed capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum capital of an S.A. remains <strong>\u20ac60,000<\/strong>. It must be fully subscribed and at least 25% of the nominal value of each share must generally be paid at incorporation. The legally permitted minimum should not be confused with the amount the business actually needs to operate or demonstrate substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shareholders_Shares_and_Ownership_Transfers\"><\/span>Shareholders, Shares and Ownership Transfers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shareholders have economic and governance rights, including rights to dividends, liquidation proceeds, information, attendance and voting. These rights are exercised within the LSC, the bylaws and any valid shareholder agreements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An S.L. uses <em>participaciones sociales<\/em>, while an S.A. uses shares. <strong>The transfer regime is not interchangeable<\/strong>. S.L. interests are generally more restricted, particularly when sold to an outsider. A transaction that is valid commercially can still fail to produce the intended corporate effect if statutory and bylaw procedures are ignored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An S.L. or S.A. may have a single shareholder and become an <strong>S.L.U. or S.A.U.<\/strong> Sole-member status must be properly recorded and disclosed. Unlike a sole trader, the company remains a separate legal entity, and the sole shareholder does not automatically own the company&#8217;s assets or assume all of its debts personally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Meetings_and_Corporate_Resolutions\"><\/span>General Meetings and Corporate Resolutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The general meeting decides matters reserved to shareholders, including approval of annual accounts, allocation of results, appointment and removal of directors, amendments to the bylaws, capital changes and major structural decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice, agenda, quorum and majority requirements matter. A resolution may be challenged when the meeting was not correctly convened, information rights were breached, the required majority was absent or the decision harmed the company in favour of particular shareholders or third parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Directors_Powers_Duties_and_Liability\"><\/span>Directors&#8217; Powers, Duties and Liability<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spanish companies can use different management models, including a sole director, joint directors, joint and several directors or a board of directors. The model changes <strong>how the company is represented and whose signature is required<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Directors must act with due care and loyalty, avoid conflicts of interest, protect confidential information and exercise their powers for the purposes for which they were granted. Liability can arise from acts or omissions contrary to law or the bylaws, or from a breach of directors&#8217; duties that causes damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Annual_Accounts_Dissolution_and_Liquidation\"><\/span>Annual Accounts, Dissolution and Liquidation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The LSC also governs the preparation, approval, audit and filing of annual accounts. It sets grounds for dissolution and regulates the liquidators, the final balance sheet and distribution of remaining assets. <strong>Stopping trade does not extinguish a Spanish company<\/strong>. A dormant company continues to exist and retains corporate, accounting and tax obligations until it is formally closed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the complete closure process, see our guide on how to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/company-dissolution-spain\/\">close and liquidate a company in Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spanish_Company_Law_Beyond_the_Capital_Companies_Act\"><\/span>Spanish Company Law Beyond the Capital Companies Act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The LSC is the central statute, but it is <strong>not the whole of Spanish corporate legislation<\/strong>. The legal framework surrounding a company depends on its form, activity, ownership, transactions and financial condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-laws,.lw-lsc-laws *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-laws{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e7e1e1;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:32px 0 40px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(20,20,20,.03)}\n.lw-lsc-laws-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 11px;margin:0 0 14px}\n.lw-lsc-laws-title{color:#1d1d1d;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:1.38;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-laws-scroll{overflow-x:auto;margin:0 -10px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\n.lw-lsc-laws-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;color:#5f5f5f;min-width:680px}\n.lw-lsc-laws-table thead tr{border-bottom:2px solid #eee5e5}.lw-lsc-laws-table tbody tr{border-bottom:1px solid #efe4e4}.lw-lsc-laws-table tbody tr:last-child{border-bottom:none}\n.lw-lsc-laws-table th,.lw-lsc-laws-table td{padding:14px 12px;line-height:1.5;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}\n.lw-lsc-laws-table th{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;color:#8a8a8a;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-laws-table td:first-child{font-weight:600;color:#1d1d1d;background:#faf6f6;width:31%}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-laws{padding:22px 18px!important}.lw-lsc-laws-scroll{margin:0}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-laws\">\n  <span class=\"lw-lsc-laws-pill\">Legal Framework<\/span>\n  <p class=\"lw-lsc-laws-title\">Key legislation surrounding a Spanish company<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-laws-scroll\">\n    <table class=\"lw-lsc-laws-table\">\n      <thead><tr><th>Source<\/th><th>Main scope<\/th><th>Typical business question<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td>Capital Companies Act<\/td><td>S.L., S.A. and partnerships limited by shares<\/td><td>How is the company governed?<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Commercial Code<\/td><td>Commercial status, accounting, books and personal companies<\/td><td>Which records must be maintained?<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Mercantile Registry Regulation<\/td><td>Registrable acts and registry procedure<\/td><td>What must become publicly effective?<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Royal Decree-law 5\/2023<\/td><td>Mergers, demergers, conversions and cross-border mobility<\/td><td>How can the structure be reorganised?<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Insolvency Act<\/td><td>Restructuring and insolvency proceedings<\/td><td>Can the company meet its debts?<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>Tax and employment legislation<\/td><td>Corporate tax, VAT, payroll and labour obligations<\/td><td>How does the company operate compliantly?<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Spanish_Commercial_Code\"><\/span>The Spanish Commercial Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Spanish Commercial Code<\/strong> remains relevant to merchants, company accounting, corporate books and commercial entities outside the full scope of the LSC. It should not be treated as a synonym for the Capital Companies Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mercantile_Registry_Rules_and_the_BORME\"><\/span>Mercantile Registry Rules and the BORME<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Mercantile Registry Regulation governs how corporate acts are recorded. Registrable events can include incorporation, director appointments, powers of attorney, bylaw amendments, capital changes, mergers and dissolution. Many registered acts are then published in the <strong>Official Gazette of the Mercantile Registry, known as the BORME<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structural_Changes_Insolvency_and_Sector_Rules\"><\/span>Structural Changes, Insolvency and Sector Rules<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mergers, demergers, conversions and cross-border restructurings are also governed by the framework for structural modifications, currently contained principally in Royal Decree-law 5\/2023. Insolvency law becomes decisive when the company cannot regularly meet its obligations. Regulated sectors, listed companies and financial entities face further requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why reading one statute is not enough to structure an international project. <strong>The legal form, tax presence, employment model and regulated activity must be reviewed together<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_Affects_Foreign_Investors\"><\/span>How the Spanish Companies Act Affects Foreign Investors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign individuals and companies can generally own Spanish capital companies. Spanish residence is not normally required simply to be a shareholder or director. The cross-border elements nevertheless create additional identification, documentation, governance and tax questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-facts,.lw-lsc-facts *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-facts{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e7e1e1;border-radius:14px;padding:20px 22px;margin:20px 0 26px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.03)}\n.lw-lsc-facts-label{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;margin-bottom:14px}\n.lw-lsc-facts-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}\n.lw-lsc-fact{background:#faf7f7;border-radius:8px;padding:12px 13px}\n.lw-lsc-fact-key{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;color:#8B4444;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:4px}\n.lw-lsc-fact-value{font-size:13px;color:#1d1d1d;font-weight:600;line-height:1.45}\n@media(max-width:720px){.lw-lsc-facts-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n@media(max-width:480px){.lw-lsc-facts{padding:18px 16px}.lw-lsc-facts-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-facts\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-facts-label\">Foreign Investors \u00b7 Key Facts<\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-facts-grid\">\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-fact\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-key\">Foreign ownership<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-value\">Generally permitted up to 100%<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-fact\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-key\">Spanish residence<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-value\">Not normally required for shareholders<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-fact\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-key\">Individual ID<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-value\">NIE or Spanish tax identification<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-fact\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-key\">Foreign corporate shareholder<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-value\">Spanish NIF and supporting documents<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-fact\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-key\">Remote formation<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-value\">Possible through a valid power of attorney<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-fact\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-key\">Spanish subsidiary<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-fact-value\">Separate Spanish legal entity<\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NIE_NIF_and_Foreign_Corporate_Documents\"><\/span>NIE, NIF and Foreign Corporate Documents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign individual shareholders and directors generally require an NIE or other appropriate Spanish tax identification. When the shareholder is a foreign company, that entity normally needs a <strong>Spanish NIF<\/strong>. Its existence, registered address, directors and authorisation to invest must also be evidenced with correctly prepared corporate documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are frequent bottlenecks in international incorporations. Lawants uses a structured workflow for the foreign company&#8217;s NIF and prepares powers of attorney to cover the required process without multiplying notarial acts, apostilles or sworn translations unnecessarily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Remote_Incorporation_Under_Spanish_Company_Law\"><\/span>Remote Incorporation Under Spanish Company Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A foreign shareholder does not always need to travel to Spain. A properly drafted power of attorney can allow a representative to complete tax identification, execute the incorporation deed and coordinate registration. The scope and formal validity of the power must be checked before appointments are scheduled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawants can complete a standard incorporation in <strong>7 to 10 days from receipt of the complete documentation<\/strong>. The qualification matters: missing foreign-company evidence, incorrect legalisation or bank compliance can interrupt the sequence before the statutory steps even begin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bylaws_and_Shareholders_Agreements\"><\/span>Bylaws and Shareholders&#8217; Agreements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bylaws form part of the public corporate framework and bind the company. A shareholders&#8217; agreement is a private contract that can regulate reserved matters, transfer restrictions, funding, deadlock, tag-along and drag-along rights, non-compete obligations and exit mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A shareholders&#8217; agreement does not automatically replace the bylaws<\/strong>. Provisions placed only in a private agreement may bind the parties contractually without having the same corporate effect against the company or third parties. The two documents should be drafted as a coordinated governance system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Foreign_Parent_Companies_and_Spanish_Subsidiaries\"><\/span>Foreign Parent Companies and Spanish Subsidiaries<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Spanish subsidiary is governed by Spanish company law even when its sole shareholder is an Italian S.r.l., UK Ltd, US corporation or another foreign company. Group instructions do not remove the Spanish directors&#8217; duties to the subsidiary. Intercompany agreements, financing, management fees and profit distributions must also be aligned with tax and transfer-pricing rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-cta-two,.lw-lsc-cta-two *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e7e1e1;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:30px 0 40px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(20,20,20,.03)}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 100px;gap:24px;align-items:start}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 11px;margin:0 0 16px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-title{color:#1d1d1d;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.38;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-copy{color:#5f5f5f;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 12px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-claim{color:#8B4444;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 20px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-action{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#8B4444;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.12);color:#fff!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;padding:11px 20px;border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:.15px;flex-shrink:0;transition:.2s}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-button:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(139,68,68,.18)}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-contact{font-size:11.5px;color:#8a8a8a;line-height:1.5}.lw-lsc-cta-two-contact strong{color:#8B4444;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-cta-two-photo{width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;border:2px solid #f7f2f2;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ece3e3;filter:grayscale(12%);display:block}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-cta-two{padding:24px 20px!important}.lw-lsc-cta-two-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lw-lsc-cta-two-photo{display:none!important}.lw-lsc-cta-two-action{flex-direction:column!important;align-items:stretch!important;gap:12px!important}.lw-lsc-cta-two-button{width:100%;padding:13px 18px;text-align:center;white-space:normal}.lw-lsc-cta-two-contact{text-align:center}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two lw-cta-container\" data-cta-type=\"mediana\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-grid\">\n    <div>\n      <span class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-pill\">Cross-Border Governance<\/span>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-title\">Do your Spanish bylaws reflect how the group will actually make decisions?<\/p>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-copy\">Standard documents can register a company, but they may not address reserved matters, signatures, shareholder exits, parent-company controls or conflicts between owners. Lawants aligns the deed, bylaws, powers and shareholder arrangements with the operating and tax structure of the foreign investment.<\/p>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-claim\">Over 20 years working exclusively with foreign businesses operating in Spain<\/p>\n      <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-action\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/contact\/\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-button\" data-cta-click=\"mediana\">Review your Spanish governance<\/a>\n        <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-contact\"><strong>Roberto Bosco<\/strong><br>Managing Director, Lawants<br>Response within 24 business hours<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/roberto-bosco-def-500x500.webp\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-photo lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Roberto Bosco, Managing Director of Lawants\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-two-photo\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/roberto-bosco-def-500x500.webp\" alt=\"Roberto Bosco, Managing Director of Lawants\"><\/noscript>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Corporate_Governance_Under_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\"><\/span>Corporate Governance Under the Spanish Companies Act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-gov,.lw-lsc-gov *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-gov{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin:22px 0 32px}\n.lw-lsc-gov-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid #eee3e3;border-radius:14px;padding:20px 18px;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.025)}\n.lw-lsc-gov-icon{width:48px;height:48px;margin:0 auto 14px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #eee3e3}\n.lw-lsc-gov-card span{display:block;color:#1d1d1d;font-size:13px;line-height:1.45;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-gov-card svg{width:24px;height:24px;stroke:#8B4444;stroke-width:1.8;fill:none;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}\n@media(max-width:780px){.lw-lsc-gov{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n@media(max-width:480px){.lw-lsc-gov{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lw-lsc-gov-card{padding:18px 16px}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-gov\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-gov-card\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-gov-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"3\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"8\" r=\"3\"><\/circle><path d=\"M3 19c0-3 2-5 5-5s5 2 5 5\"><\/path><path d=\"M13 14c3 0 5 2 5 5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span>Shareholders decide reserved corporate matters<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-gov-card\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-gov-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"5\" y=\"4\" width=\"14\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M9 8h6M9 12h6M9 16h4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span>Directors manage and represent the company<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-gov-card\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-gov-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 3v17M6 7h12M8 7l-3 5h6zM16 7l-3 5h6zM4 20h16\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span>Bylaws allocate powers within statutory limits<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corporate governance under the LSC is a distribution of powers. Shareholders do not manage every daily matter, and directors cannot unilaterally decide every structural issue. The bylaws can refine the model, but they must remain within mandatory law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_General_Shareholders_Meeting\"><\/span>The General Shareholders&#8217; Meeting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ordinary general meeting must normally approve the annual accounts and allocation of results within the first six months of the financial year. Extraordinary meetings address other matters whenever required. A universal meeting can be held without prior notice only when the entire share capital is present or represented and unanimously accepts the meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign shareholders can generally participate through representation when the legal and bylaw requirements are met. The minutes, certifications and powers used to formalise decisions must be consistent, especially when a resolution will be filed with the Mercantile Registry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Management_Models_and_Company_Representation\"><\/span>Management Models and Company Representation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A sole director offers a clear signature structure. Joint and several directors can normally act individually, while joint directors must act together in the manner registered. A board provides collective decision-making and can delegate powers within statutory limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The best model depends on control, availability, banking, transaction flow and the relationship between the foreign parent and local management. <strong>Choosing a director only because that person is physically present in Spain can create authority, tax-residence and liability consequences<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Directors_Duties_and_Personal_Exposure\"><\/span>Directors&#8217; Duties and Personal Exposure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Directors owe their duties to the Spanish company. They must act with diligence and loyalty, exercise independent judgment and manage conflicts. The business judgement rule can protect properly informed business decisions taken in good faith and without personal interest, but it does not protect inactivity, unlawful conduct or ignored conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-director-warning,.lw-lsc-director-warning *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-director-warning{background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:12px;padding:20px 22px;margin:20px 0 28px}\n.lw-lsc-director-warning-label{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.4px;font-weight:700;color:#8B4444;margin-bottom:14px}\n.lw-lsc-director-warning ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}\n.lw-lsc-director-warning li{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start}\n.lw-lsc-director-warning-dot{flex-shrink:0;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:#8B4444;margin-top:7px}\n.lw-lsc-director-warning p{color:#444;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65;margin:0}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-director-warning\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-director-warning-label\">When Director Exposure Increases<\/div>\n  <ul>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-director-warning-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Conflict of interest:<\/strong> a director benefits personally or favours another group company without proper safeguards.<\/p><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-director-warning-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Cause for dissolution:<\/strong> directors fail to act within the statutory framework after a dissolution trigger arises.<\/p><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-director-warning-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Insolvency warning:<\/strong> the company cannot meet its obligations and the board treats the issue as an ordinary cash-flow delay.<\/p><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-director-warning-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Unfiled accounts:<\/strong> persistent non-compliance obscures the company&#8217;s financial position and can lead to registry closure and further exposure.<\/p><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most expensive issue is often the one not identified early. Governance should therefore be reviewed when the company changes ownership, adds a local director, receives group financing, experiences recurring losses or enters a major transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Annual_Obligations_Under_Spanish_Company_Law\"><\/span>Annual Obligations Under Spanish Company Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incorporation is only the beginning of compliance. A Spanish company must maintain corporate and accounting records, legalise its books, prepare and approve annual accounts and deposit them with the Mercantile Registry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-tl,.lw-lsc-tl *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-tl{border:1px solid #ece6e6;border-radius:12px;padding:22px 24px;margin:32px 0;overflow:hidden}\n.lw-lsc-tl-label{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.4px;font-weight:700;color:#8B4444;margin-bottom:20px}\n.lw-lsc-tl-track{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0;position:relative}\n.lw-lsc-tl-track::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:14px;left:7%;right:7%;height:1px;background:#ece6e6}\n.lw-lsc-tl-step{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;text-align:center;position:relative;z-index:1;padding:0 4px}\n.lw-lsc-tl-num{width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:50%;background:#8B4444;color:#fff;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;margin-bottom:8px}\n.lw-lsc-tl-num.done{background:#4a7c5f;font-size:13px}\n.lw-lsc-tl-name{font-size:11px;color:#444;line-height:1.4;font-weight:500}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-tl-track{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.lw-lsc-tl-track::before{display:none}.lw-lsc-tl-step{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #f0eaea}.lw-lsc-tl-step:last-child{border-bottom:none}.lw-lsc-tl-num{margin-bottom:0;flex-shrink:0}.lw-lsc-tl-name{font-size:12.5px}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-tl\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-label\">Standard Corporate Calendar<\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-track\">\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-step\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-num\">1<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-name\">Accounts prepared<br>within 3 months<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-step\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-num\">2<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-name\">Books legalised<br>within 4 months<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-step\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-num\">3<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-name\">Accounts approved<br>within 6 months<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-step\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-num\">4<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-name\">Accounts filed<br>within 1 month<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-step\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-num done\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"lw-lsc-tl-name\" style=\"color:#4a7c5f\">Corporate record current<\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These deadlines are calculated from the financial year-end. For a company closing its year on 31 December, the usual reference dates are 31 March for preparation, 30 April for legalisation of books, 30 June for approval and one month after approval for filing. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.registradores.org\/el-colegio\/registro-mercantil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish Registrars provide the corresponding registry guidance<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Accounting_and_Corporate_Books\"><\/span>Accounting and Corporate Books<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mandatory records generally include accounting books and corporate books appropriate to the company, such as the minutes book and shareholder register for an S.L. These records are legalised electronically with the Mercantile Registry. They should correspond with the resolutions, ownership changes and accounting entries actually made during the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Annual_Accounts_and_Registry_Filing\"><\/span>Annual Accounts and Registry Filing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The directors prepare and sign the annual accounts. Shareholders approve them and decide how profit or loss is allocated. The approved accounts are then deposited with the relevant Mercantile Registry. Audit requirements depend on statutory thresholds, company status and specific shareholder or registry requests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Failure to deposit annual accounts can lead to <strong>closure of the company&#8217;s registry record for many corporate filings<\/strong>, fines and practical problems in financing, due diligence and transactions. Filing a corporate tax return does not replace depositing annual accounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Company_Decisions_Require_Shareholder_Approval\"><\/span>Which Company Decisions Require Shareholder Approval?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The division between shareholder authority and directors&#8217; management powers is one of the LSC&#8217;s most practical functions. The exact majority and procedure depend on the company form, bylaws and subject matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-decisions,.lw-lsc-decisions *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-decisions{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e7e1e1;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:32px 0 40px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(20,20,20,.03)}\n.lw-lsc-decisions-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 11px;margin:0 0 14px}\n.lw-lsc-decisions-title{color:#1d1d1d;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 20px;line-height:1.38;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-decisions-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}\n.lw-lsc-decision{background:#faf7f7;border-radius:10px;padding:14px 15px;color:#444;font-size:13px;line-height:1.55}\n.lw-lsc-decision strong{display:block;color:#1d1d1d;margin-bottom:3px}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-decisions{padding:22px 18px!important}.lw-lsc-decisions-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-decisions\">\n  <span class=\"lw-lsc-decisions-pill\">Reserved Corporate Matters<\/span>\n  <p class=\"lw-lsc-decisions-title\">Decisions commonly submitted to the general meeting<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-decisions-grid\">\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-decision\"><strong>Annual accounts<\/strong>Approval and allocation of the year&#8217;s result<\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-decision\"><strong>Directors<\/strong>Appointment, removal and certain remuneration decisions<\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-decision\"><strong>Bylaws<\/strong>Changes to name, purpose, office, governance or other provisions<\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-decision\"><strong>Capital<\/strong>Increases, reductions and related shareholder rights<\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-decision\"><strong>Essential assets<\/strong>Acquisition, disposal or contribution in statutory cases<\/div>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-decision\"><strong>Corporate lifecycle<\/strong>Structural changes, dissolution and final liquidation matters<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A foreign parent may have its own internal approval process in addition to the Spanish resolution. Both levels must be coordinated. An approval by the parent board does not automatically replace the resolution required from the Spanish subsidiary&#8217;s general meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_There_a_Companies_House_Equivalent_in_Spain\"><\/span>Is There a Companies House Equivalent in Spain?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Spain has no single institution that corresponds exactly to UK Companies House.<\/strong> Its functions are divided principally between the provincial Mercantile Registries, the Central Mercantile Registry and the BORME.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Provincial_Mercantile_Registry\"><\/span>Provincial Mercantile Registry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The registry corresponding to the company&#8217;s registered office records incorporation and subsequent corporate acts. It also receives annual accounts and legalises corporate books. A <em>nota informativa mercantil<\/em> or certification can provide registered information about the entity, capital, representation and filed acts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Central_Mercantile_Registry_and_BORME\"><\/span>Central Mercantile Registry and BORME<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Registro Mercantil Central<\/strong> handles functions including company-name certificates and centralised corporate information. The <strong>BORME<\/strong> publishes registrable corporate events. Depending on the due-diligence objective, a registry extract, certification, filed accounts and beneficial-ownership information may need to be reviewed together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Spanish <em>nota simple<\/em> is useful, but it is not a universal certificate that proves every form of tax, employment or regulatory compliance. The required evidence depends on the transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Spanish_Company_Law_Mistakes_Made_by_Foreign_Businesses\"><\/span>Common Spanish Company Law Mistakes Made by Foreign Businesses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most corporate problems are not caused by an inability to find the relevant article. They arise because a formally valid document was selected without considering the business that would use it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-mistakes,.lw-lsc-mistakes *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-mistakes{background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:12px;padding:20px 22px;margin:20px 0 28px}\n.lw-lsc-mistakes-label{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.4px;font-weight:700;color:#8B4444;margin-bottom:14px}\n.lw-lsc-mistakes ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}\n.lw-lsc-mistakes li{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start}\n.lw-lsc-mistakes-dot{flex-shrink:0;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:#8B4444;margin-top:7px}\n.lw-lsc-mistakes p{color:#444;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65;margin:0}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-mistakes\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-mistakes-label\">Four Avoidable Errors<\/div>\n  <ul>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-mistakes-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Using \u20ac3,000 as the current legal minimum:<\/strong> the S.L. minimum is \u20ac1, although capital below \u20ac3,000 triggers additional safeguards.<\/p><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-mistakes-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Treating standard bylaws as neutral:<\/strong> generic provisions can create deadlock, signature or exit problems once the company operates.<\/p><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-mistakes-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Following parent-company practice only:<\/strong> a Spanish subsidiary must comply with Spanish meeting, director and filing rules.<\/p><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"lw-lsc-mistakes-dot\"><\/span><p><strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Separating legal and tax design:<\/strong> corporate powers, tax residence, intercompany flows and substance influence one another.<\/p><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another frequent error is searching for \u201cRoyal Legislative Decree 1\/2015\u201d as the Spanish Companies Act. <strong>The correct reference is Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010<\/strong>. The consolidated BOE text should be checked because the Act has been amended repeatedly since enactment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Lawants_Applies_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\"><\/span>How Lawants Applies the Spanish Companies Act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-services,.lw-lsc-services *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-services{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin:22px 0 32px}\n.lw-lsc-service{background:#fff;border:1px solid #eee3e3;border-radius:14px;padding:20px 18px;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.025)}\n.lw-lsc-service-icon{width:48px;height:48px;margin:0 auto 14px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #eee3e3}\n.lw-lsc-service span{display:block;color:#1d1d1d;font-size:13px;line-height:1.45;font-weight:600}\n.lw-lsc-service svg{width:24px;height:24px;stroke:#8B4444;stroke-width:1.8;fill:none;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}\n@media(max-width:780px){.lw-lsc-services{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n@media(max-width:480px){.lw-lsc-services{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lw-lsc-service{padding:18px 16px}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-services\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-service\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-service-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"5\" y=\"3\" width=\"14\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M9 8h6M9 12h6M9 16h4\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span>Company structure, incorporation and tailored bylaws<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-service\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-service-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4 20h16M6 20V8l6-4 6 4v12M9 12h6M9 16h6\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span>Corporate governance, resolutions and registry filings<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-service\"><div class=\"lw-lsc-service-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 3v18M3 12h18\"><\/path><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/div><span>Integrated legal, tax and compliance support<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawants advises only foreign businesses and investors operating in Spain. The work starts by identifying the legal and tax structure the project needs, then translating that diagnosis into the deed, bylaws, powers, registrations and continuing compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For incorporation projects, Lawants also coordinates the foreign shareholder&#8217;s NIF, international powers of attorney, notary, Mercantile Registry and initial operational registrations. Once the company is active, the same team can maintain the legal, accounting and tax framework throughout its lifecycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the following video, Lawants provides a concise introduction to the Spanish Companies Act and its role in the formation and governance of companies in Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-cta-final,.lw-lsc-cta-final *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final{background:#fff;border:1px solid #eee5e5;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:28px 0 48px;box-shadow:0 8px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.035)}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 100px;gap:24px;align-items:start}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8B4444;background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #eee2e2;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 11px;margin:0 0 16px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-title{color:#1f1f1f;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.42;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-copy{color:#666;font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 22px;max-width:720px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-panel{background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #eee5e5;border-radius:14px;padding:18px 20px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-footer{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-contact{max-width:520px;flex:1;min-width:250px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-label{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.3px;font-weight:700;color:#8B4444;margin-bottom:8px}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-contact p{color:#555;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;margin:0}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#8B4444;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.12);color:#fff!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:.15px;flex-shrink:0;transition:.2s}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-button:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(139,68,68,.18)}\n.lw-lsc-cta-final-photo{width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;border:1px solid #ece2e2;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #faf7f7;filter:grayscale(12%);display:block}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-cta-final{padding:24px 20px!important}.lw-lsc-cta-final-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.lw-lsc-cta-final-photo{display:none!important}.lw-lsc-cta-final-footer{flex-direction:column!important;align-items:stretch!important;gap:16px!important}.lw-lsc-cta-final-contact{width:100%!important;min-width:0!important}.lw-lsc-cta-final-button{width:100%;padding:13px 18px!important;text-align:center;white-space:normal}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final lw-cta-container\" data-cta-type=\"finale\">\n  <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-grid\">\n    <div>\n      <span class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-pill\">One Point of Contact in Spain<\/span>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-title\">Make Spanish company law work for the business you intend to build<\/p>\n      <p class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-copy\">The correct answer is rarely found in one article of the LSC. Lawants connects ownership, governance, director powers, tax structure and ongoing compliance before documents are signed, then remains the single point of contact for the company&#8217;s corporate lifecycle in Spain.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-panel\">\n        <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-footer\">\n          <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-contact\">\n            <div class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-label\">Your first request is reviewed directly by the Managing Director<\/div>\n            <p>Roberto Bosco responds personally within 24 business hours. There is no sales desk or generic screening call, but an initial assessment of the corporate and cross-border issues that can determine the correct strategy.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/contact\/\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-button\" data-cta-click=\"finale\">Ask Lawants to assess your company<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/roberto-bosco-def-500x500.webp\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-photo lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Roberto Bosco, Managing Director of Lawants\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lw-lsc-cta-final-photo\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/roberto-bosco-def-500x500.webp\" alt=\"Roberto Bosco, Managing Director of Lawants\"><\/noscript>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls=\"\" preload=\"metadata\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spanish-Companies-Act-Ley-de-Sociedades-de-Capital-web.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_About_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions About the Spanish Companies Act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These answers address the most common searches about the scope and practical application of Spanish company law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.lw-lsc-faq,.lw-lsc-faq *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.lw-lsc-faq{margin:24px 0}\n.lw-lsc-faq-item{background:#faf7f7;border:1px solid #efe4e4;border-radius:12px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s cubic-bezier(.25,.8,.25,1)}\n.lw-lsc-faq-summary{display:flex!important;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:20px 22px;list-style:none;cursor:pointer;user-select:none;position:relative}\n.lw-lsc-faq-summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none!important}.lw-lsc-faq-summary::marker{display:none!important}\n.lw-lsc-faq-summary::after,.lw-lsc-faq-summary::before,.lw-lsc-faq-summary>*:not(h3):not(.lw-lsc-faq-icon){display:none!important;content:none!important;opacity:0!important;visibility:hidden!important}\n.lw-lsc-faq-summary h3{color:#1d1d1d!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#1d1d1d!important;font-size:15.5px!important;line-height:1.4!important;font-weight:600!important;margin:0!important;padding-right:20px;text-align:left}\n.lw-lsc-faq-summary .lw-lsc-faq-icon{flex:0 0 12px!important;width:12px!important;height:8px!important;min-width:12px!important;max-width:12px!important;min-height:8px!important;max-height:8px!important;display:block!important;overflow:visible!important;transition:transform .25s ease}\n.lw-lsc-faq-summary .lw-lsc-faq-icon path{stroke:#8B4444!important;stroke-width:2!important;fill:none!important}.lw-lsc-faq-item[open] .lw-lsc-faq-icon{transform:rotate(180deg)}\n.lw-lsc-faq-content{padding:0 22px 20px}.lw-lsc-faq-content p{color:#444!important;-webkit-text-fill-color:#444!important;font-size:13.5px!important;line-height:1.68!important;margin:0!important}\n@media(max-width:600px){.lw-lsc-faq-summary{padding:18px}.lw-lsc-faq-summary h3{font-size:14.5px!important}.lw-lsc-faq-content{padding:0 18px 18px}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lw-lsc-faq\">\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_does_the_Spanish_Companies_Act_apply_to\"><\/span>Who does the Spanish Companies Act apply to?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>It applies principally to <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Spanish limited liability companies, public limited companies and partnerships limited by shares<\/strong>. Other entities, including sole traders, civil partnerships and branches of foreign companies, are governed by different or additional rules.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_correct_legal_reference_for_the_Spanish_Companies_Act\"><\/span>What is the correct legal reference for the Spanish Companies Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>The correct reference is <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010 of 2 July<\/strong>, approving the consolidated Capital Companies Act. Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2015 is not the Spanish Companies Act.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_types_of_companies_are_covered_by_the_Capital_Companies_Act\"><\/span>What types of companies are covered by the Capital Companies Act?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>The LSC covers the <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S.L.), Sociedad An\u00f3nima (S.A.) and Sociedad Comanditaria por Acciones<\/strong>. The first two are the forms most relevant to ordinary foreign investment.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_minimum_capital_for_an_SL_in_Spain\"><\/span>What is the minimum capital for an S.L. in Spain?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>The legal minimum is <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">\u20ac1<\/strong>. Until capital plus the legal reserve reaches \u20ac3,000, special reserve and shareholder-liability safeguards apply. The operationally appropriate capital may therefore be higher than the statutory minimum.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_there_a_Spanish_equivalent_to_Companies_House\"><\/span>Is there a Spanish equivalent to Companies House?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>Not as a single exact equivalent. Corporate registration and filing functions are divided between the <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">provincial Mercantile Registries, Central Mercantile Registry and BORME<\/strong>.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_a_foreigner_own_or_manage_a_Spanish_company\"><\/span>Can a foreigner own or manage a Spanish company?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>Generally, yes. Foreign individuals and companies can own Spanish companies, and Spanish residence is not normally required solely to be a shareholder or director. <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">Spanish tax identification, valid foreign documents and cross-border tax analysis<\/strong> may still be required.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n  <details class=\"lw-lsc-faq-item\">\n    <summary class=\"lw-lsc-faq-summary\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_I_file_a_complaint_against_a_company_in_Spain\"><\/span>How can I file a complaint against a company in Spain?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><svg class=\"lw-lsc-faq-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 8\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"lw-lsc-faq-content\"><p>The route depends on the issue. A consumer complaint, breach of contract, shareholder challenge, regulatory report and claim against directors follow different procedures. <strong style=\"color:#1d1d1d\">The LSC is relevant to corporate disputes, but it is not a general complaint system<\/strong>.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spain Companies Act: What Spanish Company Law Regulates Lawants Guide \u00b7 Spanish Company Law The Spanish Companies Act is not [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/spain-companies-act\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Spanish Companies Act (Ley de Sociedades de Capital)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-company-formation"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/spain-companies-act.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Lawants","author_link":"https:\/\/www.lawants.com\/en\/author\/l4wan7s\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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